The following menu breaks the features up into categories, noting which features were inspired by other shells and which are specific to Bash. This manual is meant as a brief introduction to features found …

All of the Bourne shell builtin commands are available in Bash, and the rules for evaluation and quoting are taken from the posix specification for the ‘standard’ Unix shell.

Before a command is executed, its input and output may be redirected using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection allows commands’ file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, …

More complex shell commands are composed of simple commands arranged together in a variety of ways: in a pipeline in which the output of one command becomes the input of a second, in a loop or …

Bash performs command substitution by executing command in a subshell environment and replacing the command substitution with the standard output of the command, with any trailing newlines deleted.

Sep 22, 2020 · Bash is the GNU Project's shell—the Bourne Again SHell. This is an sh-compatible shell that incorporates useful features from the Korn shell (ksh) and the C shell (csh).

May 18, 2025 · The following menu breaks the features up into categories, noting which features were inspired by other shells and which are specific to Bash. This manual is meant as a brief introduction …

By default sed prints all processed input (except input that has been modified/deleted by commands such as d). Use -n to suppress output, and the p command to print specific lines. The following …

Expands to the command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the shell is executing a command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command executing at the time …

This section briefly describes the builtins which Bash inherits from the Bourne Shell, as well as the builtin commands which are unique to or have been extended in Bash.