Based on archival sources from outside of the United States, the Cold War International History Project Working Paper series features fresh analysis from academics, journalists, policymakers, and ...

Christopher Solomon chronicles the evolution of Hayat Tahrir al Sham in Syria. HTS is a hardline group committed to replacing the Assad government with an Islamic state. As a fighting force, HTS has ...

Since its creation in December 1987, Hamas has invoked militant interpretations of Islam to spearhead a Sunni extremist movement committed to destroying Israel. Hamas distanced itself from the ...

America’s retreat from world affairs following World War I, including not preparing as the second World War approached and erupted, starkly demonstrated that inaction compounds threats. Ukraine is yet ...

Gender-based violence (GBV) is on the rise in Mexico, and the drivers of femicides, sexual violence, and disappearances are evolving, revealing intricate connections between criminal networks, ...

Smallholder farmers face several barriers worldwide. Due to the lack of access to solutions needed to overcome these challenges and grow enough food to support their livelihoods, they often find ...

As the United States convened a meeting of 40 nations in late April to coordinate their military aid to Ukraine, Russia responded with renewed nuclear saber-rattling. Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, ...

For many years now, the five Arctic Coastal states have conducted bathymetric and geologic work in the Arctic Ocean region toward what some observers have—alarmingly but falsely—called a competitive ...

In a landmark 2006 election, the Palestinians rejected the long-standing political status quo and turned over power to Islamists through the ballot box. It was a stunning upset. Hamas trumped Fatah, ...

The expansion and persistence of slums in Mumbai is primarily a function of failed housing policies combined with other political factors, writes Fellow Yue Zhang. Urban Sustainability Laboratory From ...

The 1990s famine that killed millions of North Koreans has been the least understood humanitarian catastrophe of that decade—almost exclusively because of the extreme secrecy and defensiveness of the ...

In 2005, the US hastily formulated Iraq’s new constitution. This did not bring “democracy” to Iraq, but rather created a system dependent on divergent sectarian interests. We must ask ourselves when ...