Discover how the Luhn Algorithm verifies credit card accuracy, supports secure transactions, and helps prevent errors in inputting Social Security numbers.

This new AI acts like a digital scientist, turning messy data into simple rules that explain how the world really works.

Abstract: Driven by an unprecedented surge in freight transportation and city logistics, this paper tackles a practical variant of the famous Vehicle Routing Problem that jointly accounts for the ...

Abstract: This letter presents a state estimation algorithm for linear discrete-time systems with state-delay. In order to overcome the difficulty that the traditional Kalman filter cannot estimate ...