The preliminary estimate of the UK's net international investment liability position was £261.4 billion at the end of Quarter 3 (30 September) 2025, compared with £243.4 billion at the end of Quarter ...
The system employs HMAC-SHA256 (Hash-based Message Authentication Code using SHA-256) for license integrity verification. SHA-256 refers to the Secure Hash Algorithm producing 256-bit hash values (see ...