Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Suzanne is a content marketer, writer, and ...

Learn how Vis Major, or "superior force," affects contracts and liability. Discover examples, coverage exceptions, and how it differs from foreseeable events.

Abstract: In probability theory the expected value of functions of random variables plays a fundamental role in defining the basic characteristic measures of probability distributions. For example, ...