Healthy ecosystems are essential for human well being, as they provide invaluable functions and services including sustaining living marine resources. The health of ecosystems is therefore not only ...

Animals help disperse seeds and spores for many plant and fungal species. This typically happens when animals eat the ...

Alpine treelines are the boundaries between more cold-tolerant, non-arboreal vegetation, and forested communities, influenced by temperature. The need to forecast land surface feedback to regional and ...