Power supplies use control-loop circuits to produce constant voltage or current. The transfer function—gain and phase as a function of frequency—provides valuable information about a control loop’s ...

The 4- to 20-mA current loop is ubiquitous in the world of controls in manufacturing plants. Discrete logic, microprocessors, and microcontrollers easily cover the digital portions of control schemes, ...

Use of 4-to-20-mA current loops involves more than just a simple series connection between sensor, display, and power supply. The point where a sensor takes a measurement is, at times, many yards away ...

Radiation-hardened phase-locked loop (PLL) circuits represent a critical advancement in safeguarding electronic systems against the deleterious effects of ionising radiation. These circuits are ...

Significant efficiency and performance improvements can be realized by improving the current loop’s power supplies, replacing linear regulators with high-efficiency buck regulators. It also increases ...