Also known as the exponential growth constant, Euler’s number is the base for natural logarithms and is found in many areas of mathematics. In finance, Euler's number is used to determine compound ...

then a bytebeat generator will compute the above formula 8000 times per second for the corresponding value of t. Next the result (which can be a large value) is brought back to 8 bit by only retaining ...

Abstract: The hyperbolic cosine function with high-order errors can be utilized to improve the accuracy of adaptive filters. However, when initial weight errors are large, the hyperbolic cosine-based ...

Abstract: In recent years, many scholars have been committed to improving the security and practicability of chaotic image encryption. In addition, their proposed schemes mainly focus on two aspects, ...

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abs: The absolute value of a number (e.g. abs(-5) = 5). mod: From modulo. it's the operation to find the remainder of the division of one number by another. In python we use the symbol % (e.g. 5mod2 = ...