AI & Society, states that algorithmic systems often construct competing but equally valid “model-worlds,” offering empirical support for a philosophical claim that evidence alone cannot uniquely ...

This article examines the mathematical foundations of online slot games, focusing on Return to Player (RTP) variations and volatility profiles. It discusses how statistical data informs contemporary ...

If the probability that a randomly selected person will vote in the next election is 0.39, how would we find the probability that more than half of the people in a sample of 1000 will vote? Since the ...

Abstract: Effectively estimating the uncertainty attached to neural network predictions thus becomes essential to improve robustness, reliability, and trustworthiness. This paper provides an overview ...

You walk into a glowing side room in an RPG and the music changes. The main quest can wait. A dealer smiles, a wheel spins, ...

Fragmented cover turns edges into predator lanes letting raccoons and opossums find nests fast and driving a seasonal clutch ...

Probability underpins AI, cryptography and statistics. However, as the philosopher Bertrand Russell said, “Probability is the ...

Learn how to distinguish marginal costs by exploring their relationship with fixed and variable costs in production.

NeuroBand is a specialized smart safety armband engineered to provide timely assistance to elderly and high-risk individuals ...

Caroline Banton has 6+ years of experience as a writer of business and finance articles. She also writes biographies for Story Terrace. Somer G. Anderson is CPA, doctor of accounting, and an ...

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the problem of policy evaluation with linear function approximation in discounted infinite horizon Markov decision processes ...