The loop output can go directly to an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) or DMM in the configuration of K22 shown. If, however, filtering is needed to reduce noise during measurements, K22 can be ...
In a balanced op-amp circuit, the op-amp inputs see equal impedances looking into the circuit. Balanced circuits provide better performance by cancelling some input errors and have a simple R F /R I ...
A version of Part 1 appeared in the Dec. 2011/Jan. 2012 issue of Test & Measurement World. See the PDF. In January 1979, Electronic Test published an article claiming that a single test circuit that ...