When we started mapping how people connect, we expected random patterns but what emerged was anything but random. The web of relationships formed a structure that looked intentional, almost engineered ...

Probability distributions are fundamental tools in statistics and probability theory, offering a mathematical framework to describe the likelihood of different outcomes in a random experiment or ...

Dependent variables change based on other inputs in financial models, affecting investment outcomes. Independent variables like earnings affect dependent variables, influencing metrics like P/E ratios ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Abstract: This paper derives new bounds on the difference of the entropies of two discrete random variables in terms of the local and total variation distances between their probability mass functions ...

Abstract: Consider a system comprising sensors that communicate with a remote estimator by way of a so-called collision channel. Each sensor observes a discrete random variable and must decide whether ...

A random variable is a mathematical function that maps outcomes of random experiments to numbers. It can be thought of as the numeric result of operating a non-deterministic mechanism or performing a ...