We submerge somewhat deeper into analysis of the seemingly simple TL431 voltage reference with transconductance amplifier to find that some useful design parameters are missing from the manufacturer ...

Fig 1. This voltage regulator circuit (a) uses green LEDs as both the stabilization elements and as the voltage indicators at the front-panel switch (b). Fig 2. The addition of resistor R4 to the ...

Is it possible to design an unconditionally stable linear voltage regulator? In fact, many believe that most regulator ICs are unconditionally stable. The answer is both simple and complex, if it is ...

We return for a second wind and to the surface for air as we catch our breath in Part 4 by considering two categories of application circuits for the TL431. The loop gain is significantly reduced by ...