What is a vector, and how can we use it in electrical design? According to the “IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic Terms,” a vector quantity is “any physical quantity whose ...

The quadrature processing techniques employed in spectrum analysis,computer graphics, and digital communications routinely require highspeed determination of the magnitude of a complex number (vector ...

Error vector magnitude (EVM) is a measure of modulation quality and error performance in complex wireless systems. It provides a method to evaluate the performance of ...

Oscilloscopes often include the ability to cross plot the data from two waveforms using X-Y displays. These displays find applications in switched-mode power measurements, baseband ...