A common PC sound card can be used as a sine/square/triangle function generator, but the output suffers from limited rail-to-rail swing, plus its zero-centered has no dc offset. This circuit overcomes ...

Impedance meter integration has multiple design options for the various functional blocks in a sine-driven Z meter. In this third article in this series, some of the circuit alternatives are ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

The circuit was designed based on the functionality of an op-amp to create a Wien bridge oscillator to generate sine waves in the frequency range of 15 Hz to 150 kHz that is channeled using four ...