When working with TCP/IP, the model is simplified to four layers plus the physical layer as shown in Figure 2-4. This figure depicts the encapsulation process with protocol overhead down to Ethernet, ...

Networking is a new concept for many embedded engineers. The goal of this book, therefore, is to provide a bridge that spans from basic concepts to how to add networking functionality to an embedded ...

The third layer of the OSI Model, the network layer, is where most network engineers focus their time and expertise. As Darragh commented in my post on the data link layer, Layer 2 is cool but Layer 3 ...

A networking topology choice that is easily misunderstood. There are many questions that come to mind when selecting a Layer 2 vs Layer 3 network topology for audio systems. Surprisingly, most of it ...

Networks function and flourish because they deliver reliable and fast communication over large distances. And while people often marvel at the speed, it's the reliability -- made possible through the ...

Generalized Multi-protocol Label Switching extends net intelligence from the network edge through the core and back to the edge under a unified control plane. Carriers are seeking to gain efficiencies ...

We met Mr. Murphy, of “What can go wrong, will” infamy, in the introduction to failure modes and the discussion of failure modes at the foundation levels. Now we will learn his tricks on shared media ...