I displayed these d values on the graph for you. Notice that they are the vertical distance from the real data points to the fitting linear function. Why this way?

Ever wonder what sorts of errors freshman math students make? There are a couple of pretty basic ones.

We present a generalization of linear systems on graphs where divisors are 𝑅-valued functions on the set of vertices and graph edges are permitted to have nonnegative weights in 𝑅. Using this ...

We develop parametric classes of covariance functions on linear networks and their extension to graphs with Euclidean edges, that is, graphs with edges viewed as line segments or more general sets ...