FPGAs provide increased precision and performance to mitigate disturbances found in typical laser test beds. Taking high-precision measurements, such as those for molecular and atomic applications, ...

In Part 1, we reviewed the low frequency behavior of the HCNR200 circuit, and obtained the stability conditions by analyzing its open-loop transfer function. In this session, we still study the system ...

Figure 1. A closed-circuit cooler. Photos courtesy of Evapco. It’s a common question during the early design phase of large mechanical systems: Is open- or closed-loop cooling equipment better suited ...

Today on Hackaday Dictionary, we’re going to talk about the two basic types of control systems: open-loop and closed-loop. We’ll describe the differences between them and explore the various ...

What is a transfer function? How to implement a Laplace transform in LTspice. Analyzing transfer functions in the frequency and time domains. Looking at compensator design in LTspice. Transfer ...

In part because they are closed-loop systems, it can be easy to ignore power plant cooling water systems that support the reliable functioning of everything from stator bars in the generator to ...